It absolutely was revealed that, by advantage with the very low dispersion with the group velocity, the KDP crystal has some strengths around silica: a bigger pulse compression coefficient, especially at a small price of the В -integral ( B = five, �? nine), reduced absolute values of chirped mirror dispersion, in addition to a risk to control the magnitude of nonlinearity and dispersion by shifting crystal orientation.
For that reason, the hurt mechanism is extremely intricate, and it is urgent to find out the laser induced destruction mechanism of KDP-loved ones crystals. In this particular paper, the cooperated exploration of Shanghai Institute of Optics and Mechanics with Fujian Institute of Exploration around the Framework of Make any difference, Shandong College together with other crystal study institutes is reviewed. The laser induced harm Houses of KDP and DKDP crystals applied as optical switching, frequency doubling and frequency mixing optical factors ended up investigated. The optimization of crystal expansion course of action as well as control of important things had been guided and the present issues and alternatives were being prospected. The exploration has reference worth for the development of large efficiency KDP-relatives crystals as well as their rational software in large-electric power laser techniques.
In addition it hinders identification in the composition from the hurt precursors required to ultimately eradicate the destruction issue. It truly is consequently essential to acquire new methods to expose the optical properties from the harm precursors. With this dissertation, the conversation of your injury precursors in KDP/DKDP with laser pulses of variable fluence and frequency is investigated employing many experimental procedures. A problems testing approach is applied that can take advantage of the transform while in the problems attributes of the material following exposure to laser pulses by measuring the following density of harm sites. The results propose that there are two varieties of precursors, Every resulting in harm initiation in excess of another frequency assortment. For the two precursor populations, the pathways resulting in problems initiation are various than These leading to conditioning. Also, amongst one precursor inhabitants, you'll find many pathways bringing about conditioning that happen to be dependent on the pre-exposure frequency and fluence. From these results, a method is created for predicting the hurt performance all through harmonic conversion where various wavelengths are present. What's more, laser pre-irradiation parameters are prescribed for maximizing the conditioning outcome.
transmission line, and the tip matching resistance R is equivalent for the resistance with the
Usually, there constantly exist some impurities during the aqueous Resolution for DKDP crystal growth. The impurities in the solution may perhaps come from starting salts, deuterated drinking water, intention dopants, or dissolved products on the vessel. Even now the character origin of bulk problems is unclear, or no impurities or defects which might be straight connected with the formation of pinpoint destruction have already been detected.
e., potassium or hydrogen) close by. Crystals that contains each the 270-nm absorption band and also the Fe3+ EPR spectra were X-ray irradiated at place temperature then subjected to the series of more info thermal anneals approximately 150°C. These therapies brought on alterations in both of those the absorption band along with the EPR spectra, but the behaviors of your optical and EPR characteristics did not correlate. This can be described if a part of the Fe ions occupy a website while in the KDP crystals besides the K+ web page. We propose that the vast majority of optical absorption within the 200-to-300nm region is due to Fe ions substituting for phosphorus; i.e., (FeO4)2�?molecular models are existing during the KDP crystals and provides rise to ultraviolet absorption.
Very-deuterated potassium dihydrogen phosphate (DKDP) crystals ended up developed rapidly from stage seeds beneath large supersaturation in a temperature selection of 40-sixty °C. The expansion fee was about one-2 order of magnitude bigger than that of the normal temperature reduction method. It had been located that very pure raw resources, overheating at substantial temperature, ultrafine filtration and supersaturation balance were being needed to keep the answer from spontaneous nucleation at high overcooling.
gasoline discharging balance. But, the voltage over the crystal is equivalent to the DKDP fifty percent-wave
one mode. It is observed that the injury threshold of KDP solitary crystal relies on the laser irradiation way, polarization
Variables which include mechanical deformation and temperature adjustments cause period mismatch in optical parametric amplification systems, impacting energy stability. A phase payment system by means of the linear electro-optic result can defeat this limitation. Section mismatch payment qualities ended up simulated by using the linear electro-optic outcome in 70%-deuterated DKDP and ninety five%-deuterated DKDP. This process was placed on OPA methods to validate its feasibility.
... DKDP crystals are characterized by decrease absorption and decrease fifty percent-wave voltage in comparison with KDP crystals; as a result, they are extra well suited for the realization of Pockels cells. sixteen On the other hand, Pockels cells with DKDP crystal are regarded to experience powerful piezoelectric ringing phenomenon.
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The neutron scattering length with the deuterium atom is greater than that of other atoms in DKDP crystal, so neutron diffraction can be employed as a powerful approach to directly ascertain the deuterium articles of DKDP crystals50,51.